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Humate kom natuurlik voor in ons omgewing en is die oorblyfsels van humifikasie, ‘n proses wat die biodegradasie van plantaardige biomassa is wat dan herkombineer en sintiseer in donker kleurige komplekse stowwe sonder ‘n definitiewe chemiese struktuur. Humien en Fulviensure word onttrek uit hierdie humien stowwe of humate. Hierdie organiese verbindings word onderskei op grond van hulle oplosbaarheid in suur of alkaliese oplossings. Hulle verskil ook in molekulêre grootte, koolstof-waterstof-stikstof inhoud en hulle funksies in biologiese stelsels. Verskeie wetenskaplike studies het bewys dat die vlakke van humien stowwe in grond ‘n wesenlike bydraende faktor is in grondvrugbaarheid. Verbeterde grondvrugbaarheid en plantegroei word deur hierdie stowwe beinvloed as gevolg van hulle effek op die katioon uitruilvermoë (“cation-exchange capacity” (CEC)), die suurstof inhoud en bogemiddelde waterhouvermoë. Humate se belangrikste eienskap is hulle vermoë om onoplosbare metaal ione, oksiedes en hidroksiedes te bind en dit dan geleidelik en aanhoudend aan plante beskikbaar te stel wanneer benodig. Hierdie eienskappe veroorsaak fisiese, chemiese en biologiese voordele in grond wat weer lei tot ekologiese en ekonomiese voordele.
Humien Sure (HS) is ‘n breë term wat in die handel en wetenskap gebruik word om ´n sekere klas geisoleerde verbindings te identifiseer wat uit natuurlike humienstowwe onttrek word op verskeie wyses, gewoonlik met alkaliese oplossings. HS het minder funksionele groepe of ioniese ladings en ´n laer chemiese reaktiwiteit as FS. Dit is ´n alkaliese oplossings met ´n pH van ongeveer 10 en het taamlike groot molekules (150 – 300nM in grootte).Plantwortels of blare kan dit nie opneem nie en dit kan nie nutriente in die die plant in vervoer nie. HS verbeter die katioon uitruilvermoë (CEC) van grond.
Fulvien sure (FS) is ‘n breë term wat in die handel en wetenskap gebruik word om ´n sekere klas geisoleerde verbindings te identifiseer wat uit natuurlike humien stowwe onttrek word, en wat oplosbaar is in vloeibare alkaliese en suur oplossings. FS het ‘n groter aantal funksionele groepe of ioniese ladings en ‘n hoër reaktiwiteit as HA en is oplosbaar in water teen enige pH. Dit het redelike klein molekules (80 – 100nM in grootte) en plantwortels en blare kan dit opneem waar dit voedingstowwe in die plant in vervoer. FS verbeter die gebruik van beskikbare mineraal voedingstowwe en verbeter die katioon uitruilvermoë (CEC) van grond.